Capacitance measures a conductor's ability to do what?

Capacitance is fundamentally associated with a conductor's ability to store energy in the form of charged particles. When a capacitor is charged, it accumulates electric charge on its plates, leading to an electric field between them. This ability to hold charge is what defines capacitance, often measured in farads. As capacitors are used in various electrical and electronic applications, they play a crucial role in energy storage, filtering signals, and stabilizing voltages in circuits.

In contrast, the other options relate to different electrical properties. Generating voltage is a function of a power source, such as a battery or generator. Allowing current to flow freely pertains to conductors themselves, not specifically to the property of capacitance, while resisting the flow of current is associated with resistance, which is distinctly different from capacitance. Thus, the correct understanding aligns with option B's focus on energy storage through charged particles.