How many diodes does a bridge rectifier contain?

A bridge rectifier consists of four diodes arranged in a specific configuration that allows it to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). This configuration harnesses the power of all four diodes to rectify both halves of the AC waveform, ensuring that during both the positive and negative cycles of the input AC, there is a path for current flow which results in a pulsating DC output.

The necessity of four diodes is particularly vital because they work in pairs during each half-cycle of the AC waveform. When the AC voltage is positive, two of the diodes conduct and allow current to pass through to the load, while the other two are reverse-biased and do not conduct. In the second half of the cycle, when the AC voltage becomes negative, the roles of the diodes switch, with the previously non-conducting diodes now allowing current to flow, while the others block it. This simultaneous conduction ensures a consistent and efficient rectification process.

Having four diodes allows for better voltage regulation and increased efficiency compared to configurations with fewer diodes, making the bridge rectifier a popular choice in power supply designs.