What type of rectifier allows current to flow only during one half of the AC cycle?

A half wave rectifier is designed specifically to allow current to flow through it only during one half of the alternating current (AC) cycle, effectively utilizing only one polarity of the input AC signal. This is accomplished using a single diode that conducts electricity only when the input voltage is positive (or negative, depending on the diode's orientation), blocking the current flow during the other half of the cycle.

The main advantage of a half wave rectifier is its simplicity and low cost, as it requires fewer components compared to other types of rectifiers. However, one downside is that it is not very efficient since it only uses half of the waveform, which results in a lower average output voltage and current.

Understanding the operation of the half wave rectifier is essential for applications in which simplicity and cost are prioritized over efficiency and smoother power output.